Holmium
Refining & Grade Specs
Holmium Refining Methods and Grade Specifications
The transformation of Holmium concentrate into refined products suitable for industrial use requires specialized metallurgical and chemical processes. Holmium is refined into 3 primary commercial forms, each serving specific end-use sectors.
Price
80-130
$/kg oxide
Benchmark
Asian Metals
Ore Grade
0.005-0.01% Ho2O3
Product Forms
3
Commercial grades
Refining Processes
The primary refining and processing pathways for Holmium include:
- Solvent extraction separation
Product Forms and Grade Specifications
Refined Holmium is available in the following commercial forms, each with specific purity requirements:
| Product Form | Purity / Grade | Primary Application |
|---|---|---|
| Holmium oxide (Ho2O3) | 99-99.99% | YAG laser dopant, magnetic flux concentrator |
| Holmium metal | 99-99.9% | Highest magnetic moment of any element; research magnets |
| Ho:YAG laser crystals | Crystal grade | Surgical laser for lithotripsy, prostate surgery, orthopedics |
Quality Standards and Benchmarks
International standards for Holmium products are established by organizations such as ASTM International and various national standards bodies. Pricing is referenced against Asian Metals assessments. These standards define minimum purity levels, acceptable impurity limits, and testing methodologies that facilitate international trade.
Refining Capacity and Geography
Global refining capacity for Holmium is concentrated in a limited number of countries. China controls approximately 95% of primary production and plays a significant role in downstream refining. Efforts to diversify refining capacity are a key priority for governments seeking to reduce supply chain dependencies, particularly in the strongest permanent magnets sector.
More on Holmium
Explore other aspects of the Holmium value chain.
Return to the Holmium hub page or browse the full Mineral Library.