Critical Minerals Library: All 60 USGS-Listed Minerals
Facts checked against sources on . How we check facts.
The library has one profile for each of the 60 minerals on the final 2025 US critical minerals list: the leading producing countries, US import reliance, price history, uses, substitutes, recycling and which governments list the mineral. For 58 of them the figures come from the US Geological Survey's Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026; uranium and metallurgical coal, which USGS does not cover, use the World Nuclear Association, the US Energy Information Administration and the European Commission, and each page names its sources. China is the leading producer of 17 of the 34 minerals for which USGS gives a country table, and USGS reports US net import reliance of 100% for 11 of the minerals in its summary table.
60
minerals on the final 2025 US critical minerals list, published in November 2025
Source: Federal Register
17 of 34
minerals with a USGS country table that China leads in production
11
minerals for which the United States imported 100% of what it used in 2025
10
minerals added to the US list in 2025: boron, copper, lead, metallurgical coal, phosphate, potash, rhenium, silicon, silver and uranium
Source: USGS: Interior Department releases final 2025 list of critical minerals
Which critical minerals depend most on one country?
The table ranks the minerals by the share of 2025 world production held by the leading country, using the USGS country tables. Rare earths are shown on their own pages because USGS reports them only as a group.
| Mineral | Leading producer | Share of world production |
|---|---|---|
| Gallium | China | 99% |
| Niobium | Brazil | 93% |
| Silicon | China | 87% |
| Bismuth | China | 86% |
| Magnesium | China | 86% |
| Tungsten | China | 79% |
| Graphite | China | 78% |
| Tellurium | China | 78% |
| Cobalt | Congo (Kinshasa) | 73% |
| Vanadium | China | 72% |
| Platinum | South Africa | 71% |
| Titanium | China | 70% |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, world production tables. Shares are calculated from the USGS figures, and USGS rounds its world totals.
Explore all 60 minerals
Filter the table by name, producing country, group or list. The groups are this site's own way of organizing the minerals, not a government classification.
Showing 60 of 60 minerals
| Mineral | Group | Leading producer (share) | US import reliance | US | EU | AU | CA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | Base Metal | China (61%) | 60% | Yes | Yes | - | Yes |
| Antimony | Specialty Metal | China (36%) | 91% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Arsenic | Specialty Metal | Peru (49%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | - |
| Barite | Industrial Mineral | India (34%) | >75% | Yes | Yes | - | - |
| Beryllium | Specialty Metal | United States (53%) | Net exporter | Yes | Yes | Yes | - |
| Bismuth | Specialty Metal | China (86%) | 92% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Boron | Industrial Mineral | Turkey | Net exporter | Yes | Yes | - | - |
| Cerium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cesium | Specialty Metal | See profile | 100% | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Chromium | Refractory Metal | South Africa (45%) | 79% | Yes | - | Yes | Yes |
| Cobalt | Battery Metal | Congo (Kinshasa) (73%) | 79% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Copper | Base Metal | Chile (23%) | 57% | Yes | Yes | - | Yes |
| Dysprosium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Erbium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Europium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fluorspar | Industrial Mineral | China (59%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gadolinium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gallium | Technology Metal | China (99%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Germanium | Technology Metal | See profile | >50% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Graphite | Battery Metal | China (78%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hafnium | Refractory Metal | See profile | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | - |
| Holmium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Indium | Technology Metal | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | - | Yes | Yes |
| Iridium | Platinum Group Metal | See profile | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lanthanum | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lead | Base Metal | China (42%) | 33% | Yes | - | - | - |
| Lithium | Battery Metal | Australia (32%) | >50% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lutetium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Magnesium | Base Metal | China (86%) | >75% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Manganese | Battery Metal | South Africa (38%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Metallurgical Coal | Energy Mineral | See profile | NA | Yes | Yes | - | - |
| Neodymium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Nickel | Battery Metal | Indonesia (67%) | 41% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Niobium | Refractory Metal | Brazil (93%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Palladium | Platinum Group Metal | Russia (43%) | 57% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Phosphate | Industrial Mineral | China (44%) | 16% | Yes | Yes | - | Yes |
| Platinum | Platinum Group Metal | South Africa (71%) | 89% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Potash | Industrial Mineral | Canada (31%) | 92% | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Praseodymium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rhenium | Refractory Metal | Chile (37%) | 75% | Yes | - | Yes | - |
| Rhodium | Platinum Group Metal | See profile | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rubidium | Specialty Metal | See profile | 100% | Yes | - | - | - |
| Ruthenium | Platinum Group Metal | See profile | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Samarium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 67% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Scandium | Specialty Metal | See profile | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silicon | Technology Metal | China (87%) | >50% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silver | Precious Metal | Mexico (24%) | 77% | Yes | - | - | - |
| Tantalum | Refractory Metal | Congo (Kinshasa) (52%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tellurium | Technology Metal | China (78%) | >25% | Yes | - | Yes | Yes |
| Terbium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Thulium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tin | Base Metal | China (24%) | 77% | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Titanium | Refractory Metal | China (70%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tungsten | Refractory Metal | China (79%) | >50% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Uranium | Energy Mineral | See profile | NA | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Vanadium | Battery Metal | China (72%) | 41% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ytterbium | Rare Earth Element | China (69%) | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Yttrium | Rare Earth Element | See profile | 100% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Zinc | Base Metal | China (32%) | 73% | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Zirconium | Refractory Metal | Australia (32%) | <25% | Yes | - | Yes | - |
US column: all 60 minerals are on the 2025 USGS list. Compare the full lists on the comparison page.
Frequently asked questions
How many minerals are on the US critical minerals list?
The final 2025 list names 60 critical minerals. It keeps the 50 minerals from the 2022 list and adds boron, copper, lead, metallurgical coal, phosphate, potash, rhenium, silicon, silver and uranium.
Where do the figures on the mineral pages come from?
Production, reserves, prices, uses, substitutes and recycling come from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, with the chapter named on each page. Uranium and metallurgical coal use the World Nuclear Association, the US Energy Information Administration and the European Commission instead. Prices are annual averages, not live quotes.
Which critical minerals does the United States import entirely?
USGS reports US net import reliance of 100% in 2025 for 11 of the minerals in its summary table, including gallium, graphite, manganese, niobium, indium, tantalum and yttrium. The figure for each mineral is on its page.
Are the EU, Australian and Canadian lists the same as the US list?
No. Each government builds its list with its own method and publishes it on its own schedule, so a mineral can be critical in one place and not in another. The comparison page shows all four lists side by side.
Sources
Read on October 13, 2026. Figures on this page come from these documents; where a number is an estimate, the source says so.
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Chapters, Table 7 and Figures 10A and 10B
- Federal Register: Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals
- USGS: Interior Department releases final 2025 list of critical minerals
- World Nuclear Association: World Uranium Mining Production. Uranium only
- US Energy Information Administration: Uranium Marketing Annual Report. Uranium only
- European Commission: Study on the Critical Raw Materials for the EU 2023. Metallurgical coal only
Related topics
Critical Minerals Lists Compared
The US, EU, Australian and Canadian lists side by side.
Rare Earth Elements
The 17 elements, their prices and China's export controls.
Platinum Group Metals
The six platinum-group metals and their supply.
Country Profiles
What 21 countries produce, with shares from the same USGS tables.
Export Controls and Restrictions
Dated export controls by China, Indonesia, DR Congo and others.
