Mining & Processing

How Magnesium Is Mined and Processed

Magnesium (Mg) is a base metal with global annual production of approximately 1.1 million tonnes, primarily from China and Russia. Typical ore grades range from Various (dolomite/magnesite mining or brine extraction).

Mining Methods

Magnesium is extracted through the following methods, selected based on deposit type and geology:

• Electrolytic reduction (seawater/brine)
• Pidgeon process (thermal reduction of dolomite)
• Open-pit mining (magnesite)

Ore Types and Mineralogy

The principal ore types and mineral sources for Magnesium include:

• Dolomite - CaMg(CO32)
• Magnesite - MgCO3
• Carnallite - KMgCl3·6H2O
• Seawater/brine

Processing and Beneficiation

Following extraction, Magnesium ore undergoes the following processing stages:

1. Pidgeon process (silicothermic reduction)
2. Dow electrolytic process (seawater)
3. Continuous refining and alloying

Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Mining and processing of Magnesium must comply with environmental regulations governing water use, tailings management, emissions, and land rehabilitation. Increasingly stringent environmental standards are raising production costs but also driving innovation in cleaner extraction technologies. The social license to operate and community engagement have become critical factors in project development, particularly in China where 85% of global production is concentrated.