Uses & Applications

Applications and End-Uses for Platinum

Platinum (Pt) is a high-criticality platinum group metal with annual global production of approximately 190 tonnes. Platinum is a dense, precious metal with exceptional catalytic properties, making it essential for diesel emission catalysts, chemical processing, and emerging hydrogen fuel cell technology. South Africa holds approximately 70% of known global reserves. Platinum's potential role as a catalyst in hydrogen electrolyzers and fuel cells positions it as a key metal for the clean energy transition.

Key Applications

The primary end-uses of Platinum span multiple sectors. The following applications represent the most significant sources of global demand:

• Diesel catalytic converters - Key alternatives include Palladium (limited technical feasibility for diesel). Platinum is preferred over palladium for diesel oxidation catalysts; some substitution research but limited practical application
• Hydrogen fuel cell catalysts - Key alternatives include Non-PGM catalysts (research stage). Platinum is the standard PEMFC catalyst; platinum loading has been reduced 80% since 2005 but no commercial non-PGM replacement exists for automotive fuel cells
• Jewelry - Key alternatives include White gold, palladium, silver. Consumer preference driven; platinum retains luxury positioning but white gold and palladium serve as alternatives
• Chemical and petroleum catalysts - Platinum is valued in chemical and petroleum catalysts for its unique physical and chemical properties that are difficult to replicate with alternative materials.
• Medical devices and implants - Platinum is valued in medical devices and implants for its unique physical and chemical properties that are difficult to replicate with alternative materials.

Product Forms and Specifications

Platinum is commercially available in 4 primary product forms, each serving different industrial requirements:

Demand Outlook

Platinum appears on both the USGS Critical Minerals List and the EU Critical Raw Materials List, underscoring its strategic importance across Western economies. Growing demand from electrification, digitalization, and defense modernization is expected to place additional pressure on the Platinum supply chain through the end of this decade.