Praseodymium (Pr): Uses, Supply Chain and Market
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Praseodymium is a light rare earth element that is alloyed with neodymium for permanent magnets and priced with it as NdPr oxide. USGS reports production only for all rare earths combined: in 2025 China produced an estimated 270,000 t of rare earth oxide equivalent, 69% of the world total (USGS world total: 390,000 t). US net import reliance for praseodymium in 2025 was 67% for rare earth compounds and metals as a group. Praseodymium is on all four official critical minerals lists: the US, EU, Australian and Canadian.
390,000 t
estimated world production of all rare earths combined in 2025
$74/kg
praseodymium oxide, 99.99% minimum, average in 2025 (+32% on 2024)
Which countries produce praseodymium?
| Country | 2024 | 2025 (estimate) | Share of 2025 world | Reserves (t) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 270,000 | 270,000 | 69% | 44,000,000 |
| United States | 45,500 | 51,000 | 13% | 1,900,000 |
| Australia | 29,000 | 29,000 | 7.4% | 6,300,000 |
| Burma | 27,000 | 22,000 | 5.6% | NA |
| All other countries | 12,500 | 17,310 | 4.4% | NA |
| World total (USGS, rounded) | 380,000 | 390,000 | 100% | >75,000,000 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Rare earths. Shares are calculated from the country figures and can differ by a point or two from percentages USGS states in its text, because USGS rounds its figures. NA means not available; Withheld means USGS withheld the figure to avoid disclosing company data. USGS reports mine production only for all rare earths combined (as rare earth oxide equivalent), not for individual elements.
What is praseodymium used for?
- Permanent magnets: alloys containing neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium or praseodymium (USGS, 2002); the EU lists praseodymium among the rare earths for permanent magnets
How much does praseodymium cost?
USGS reports the average 2025 price of praseodymium at $74/kg (praseodymium oxide, 99.99% minimum, average; +32% on 2024). EarthRarest, our sister business, lists Pr6O11 min. 99.00% / TREO at $197.10/kg. Full praseodymium price page.
Is praseodymium a critical mineral?
Praseodymium is on all four official critical minerals lists: the US, EU, Australian and Canadian. Each government builds its list with its own method, so a mineral can be critical in one place and not in another.
| Jurisdiction | Status |
|---|---|
| United States | Critical mineral (final 2025 list) |
| European Union | Critical and strategic |
| Australia | Critical minerals list |
| Canada | Critical (priority) |
Lists last checked against the primary publications on October 12, 2026. See the comparison of all four lists.
What are the substitutes for praseodymium?
| Application | Substitute and trade-off |
|---|---|
| Most applications | USGS says substitutes for rare earths are available for many applications but generally are less effective |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Rare earths. USGS says substitutes often cost performance or money; the table gives its wording for each application.
Can praseodymium be recycled?
Limited quantities of rare earths were recovered from batteries, permanent magnets and fluorescent lamps.
What are the supply risks and recent events for praseodymium?
- 2025. The average praseodymium oxide price rose 32% from $56 to $74 per kilogram. USGS does not list this element among those named in China's 2025 rare earth export control measures.
Resources. USGS notes that in most rare earth deposits lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium make up 80% to 99% of the total (2002).
Which companies produce or process praseodymium?
| Company | Country | Role | What the source says |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lynas Rare Earths | Australia and Malaysia | Rare earth miner and separator (ASX: LYC) | Its 2026 annual report does not report praseodymium separately: it gives a combined NdPr oxide figure of 7,260 tonnes produced in FY26 against 6,558 in FY25, and says it also supplies the US Government under a four-year floor price agreement for NdPr. Lynas Rare Earths: 2026 Annual Report and Appendix 4E (26 August 2026) |
| MP Materials | United States | Rare earth miner and refiner at Mountain Pass (NYSE: MP) | A risk factor in its 2025 10-K says it expects to produce about 20,000 tonnes of separated rare earth oxide a year, including about 6,075 tonnes of NdPr oxide, excluding cerium concentrate. The filing describes this as an expectation, not 2025 output. MP Materials, Form 10-K for 2025 (filed 26 February 2026) |
| China Northern Rare Earth | China | Rare earth producer (SSE: 600111) | Its 2025 annual report, in Chinese, lists praseodymium-neodymium oxide, used for rare earth metals and in the electronics industry, among its main products, and says prices of praseodymium-neodymium and other mainstream products rose with fluctuations during 2025. China Northern Rare Earth: 2025 annual report, in Chinese (17 April 2026) |
| Neo Performance Materials | Canada (plants in Estonia and China) | Producer of rare earth oxides and salts, and magnet maker (TSX: NEO) | Its annual information form for 2024 lists praseodymium oxides and salts among the products of its Chemicals and Oxides segment, made at Zibo in China and Sillamäe in Estonia, and says Magnequench's Tianjin facility sources its neodymium and praseodymium raw materials primarily from Chinese critical minerals processors. Neo Performance Materials: annual information form for 2024 (18 March 2025) |
Each row links to the document that supports it. The list is not exhaustive and is not a ranking.
Frequently asked questions
What is praseodymium used for?
Praseodymium is used in permanent magnets. Permanent magnets: alloys containing neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium or praseodymium (USGS, 2002); the EU lists praseodymium among the rare earths for permanent magnets.
Which country produces the most praseodymium?
USGS does not report praseodymium separately; China produced the most rare earths of any country in 2025, an estimated 270,000 t (69%) of the world's 390,000 t of rare earth oxide equivalent.
Is praseodymium a critical mineral?
Yes. Praseodymium is on all four official critical minerals lists: the US, EU, Australian and Canadian. Praseodymium was already on the 2022 US list and stays on the final 2025 list of 60 minerals. US net import reliance for praseodymium in 2025 was 67% for rare earth compounds and metals as a group.
How much does praseodymium cost?
USGS reports the average 2025 price of praseodymium at $74/kg (praseodymium oxide, 99.99% minimum, average; +32% on 2024). EarthRarest, our sister business, lists Pr6O11 min. 99.00% / TREO at $197.10/kg (25 kg oxide drums), read on October 14, 2026; a dealer list price covers one grade and pack size and is not a market benchmark.
Sources
Read on October 14, 2026. Figures on this page come from these documents; where a number is an estimate, the source says so.
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Rare earths. Production, reserves, uses, substitutes, recycling and events
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: introduction (Table 7 and Figures 10A and 10B). Net import reliance, leading producer and price changes for critical minerals
- USGS Fact Sheet 087-02: Rare Earth Elements, Critical Resources for High Technology (2002). Used for the uses of individual elements; it dates from 2002
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1252, Annex I. Lists neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium and cerium as rare earths for permanent magnets
- Federal Register: Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals
- EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2024/1252
- Department of Industry, Science and Resources: Australia’s Critical Minerals List and Strategic Materials List
- Government of Canada: Canada’s critical minerals
- EarthRarest price list. Dealer list price, read October 14, 2026; our sister business
- Lynas Rare Earths: 2026 Annual Report and Appendix 4E (26 August 2026)
- MP Materials, Form 10-K for 2025 (filed 26 February 2026)
- China Northern Rare Earth: 2025 annual report, in Chinese (17 April 2026)
- Neo Performance Materials: annual information form for 2024 (18 March 2025)
Related topics
Praseodymium price
The price page for praseodymium.
China profile
Production, policy and projects in China.
Critical Minerals Lists Compared
The US, EU, Australian and Canadian lists side by side.
Export Controls and Restrictions
China, Indonesia, DR Congo and other measures with dates.
The 17 Rare Earth Elements
Every rare earth with its group, price and control status.
Cerium
Profile of cerium.
